Basic & Core Terms
- Stock / Share
- Equity
- Common Stock
- Preferred Stock
- Issued Shares
- Outstanding Shares
- Free Float
- Face Value (Par Value)
- Market Capitalization
- Float-adjusted Market Cap
Valuation & Financial Ratios
- Price-to-Earnings (P/E) Ratio
- Forward P/E
- Trailing P/E
- Price-to-Book (P/B) Ratio
- Price-to-Sales (P/S) Ratio
- EV/EBITDA (Enterprise Value / EBITDA)
- EV/Sales
- Earnings Per Share (EPS)
- Diluted EPS
- PEG Ratio (P/E to Growth)
- Dividend Yield
- Dividend Payout Ratio
- Return on Equity (ROE)
- Return on Assets (ROA)
- Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)
- Gross Margin
- Operating Margin
- Net Margin
- Current Ratio
- Quick Ratio
- Debt-to-Equity Ratio
- Interest Coverage Ratio
- Asset Turnover
- Book Value per Share
- Tangible Book Value
Financial Statements & Accounting
- Income Statement (Profit & Loss)
- Balance Sheet
- Cash Flow Statement
- Revenue (Sales)
- Gross Profit
- Operating Profit (EBIT)
- EBITDA
- Net Income (Net Profit)
- Operating Cash Flow
- Free Cash Flow
- Capital Expenditure (CapEx)
- Working Capital
- Minority Interest
- Extraordinary Items
- Deferred Tax
Market Structure & Exchanges
- Exchange (NSE / BSE / SE)
- Trading Session
- Pre-open / Pre-market
- After-market / Post-market
- Trading Hours
- T+1 / T+2 Settlement
- Clearing Corporation
- Market Maker
- Specialist
- Order Book
- Limit Order Book
- Bid Price
- Ask (Offer) Price
- Bid-Ask Spread
- Lot Size
- Tick Size
- Circuit Breaker
- Auction (Opening/Closing)
Order Types & Trading Instructions
- Market Order
- Limit Order
- Stop Loss Order
- Stop Limit Order
- Good Till Cancelled (GTC)
- Immediate or Cancel (IOC)
- Fill or Kill (FOK)
- Day Order
- Disclosed Quantity
- Iceberg Order
- Bracket Order
- Cover Order
- Market on Close (MOC)
- At-the-money / In-the-money / Out-of-the-money (for options)
Market Participants & Accounts
- Retail Investor
- Institutional Investor
- Foreign Institutional Investor (FII) / FPI
- Domestic Institutional Investor (DII)
- Broker / Sub-broker
- Depository Participant (DP)
- Custodian
- Beneficial Owner (BO)
- Trading Account
- Demat Account
- Margin Account
- Margin Call
Indices & Benchmarks
- Sensex
- Nifty 50
- Nifty Next 50
- Nifty Bank
- Sectoral Indices (e.g., Nifty IT, Nifty Pharma)
- Market Index
- Base Year
- Index Constituent
- Index Rebalance
Investment Vehicles & Products
- Mutual Fund
- Equity Mutual Fund
- Index Fund
- Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF)
- Unit Linked Insurance Plan (ULIP)
- Portfolio
- SIP (Systematic Investment Plan)
- Lump-sum Investment
- Bond / Government Bond
- Corporate Bond
- Fixed Deposit (FD)
- Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT)
- Infrastructure Investment Trust (InvIT)
- Alternative Investment Fund (AIF)
- Closed-end Fund
- Open-end Fund
Derivatives & Structured Products
- Futures
- Options (Call / Put)
- Option Premium
- Option Writer / Option Buyer
- Strike Price
- Expiry Date
- Implied Volatility
- Greek Letters (Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega, Rho)
- Forward Contract
- Swaps (Interest Rate Swap, Currency Swap)
- Structured Note
- Warrants
Trading Strategies & Styles
- Long-term Investing
- Short-term Trading
- Swing Trading
- Day Trading (Intraday)
- Scalping
- Momentum Trading
- Value Investing
- Growth Investing
- Buy and Hold
- Pairs Trading
- Arbitrage
- Hedging
Technical Analysis Terms
- Support
- Resistance
- Trend (Uptrend / Downtrend / Sideways)
- Moving Average (SMA / EMA)
- Relative Strength Index (RSI)
- MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence)
- Volume Oscillator
- Bollinger Bands
- Fibonacci Retracement
- Candlestick Patterns (Doji, Hammer, Engulfing)
- Chart Patterns (Head & Shoulders, Double Top/Bottom, Triangles)
- On-Balance Volume (OBV)
- Pivot Points
- Divergence
- Stochastic Oscillator
Fundamental Analysis Terms
- Intrinsic Value
- Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)
- Free Cash Flow to Firm (FCFF)
- Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE)
- Margin of Safety
- Comparable Company Analysis (Comps)
- Sum of the Parts (SOTP)
- Management Quality
- Business Moat
- Competitive Advantage
Corporate Actions & Events
- Dividend Declaration
- Bonus Issue
- Stock Split
- Reverse Stock Split (Consolidation)
- Rights Issue
- Buyback / Share Repurchase
- Merger & Acquisition (M&A)
- Takeover
- Spin-off
- Listing / Delisting
- AGM (Annual General Meeting)
- Record Date
- Ex-Dividend Date
- Face Value Change
Market Data & Metrics
- Last Traded Price (LTP)
- Open Price
- Close Price
- High / Low
- 52-Week High / Low
- Average Daily Volume
- Turnover
- Market Breadth (Advances/Declines)
- Put/Call Ratio
- Short Interest
- Free Float Market Capitalization
Risk, Return & Performance Measures
- Alpha
- Beta
- Sharpe Ratio
- Sortino Ratio
- Treynor Ratio
- Volatility (Standard Deviation)
- Drawdown
- Maximum Drawdown
- Correlation
- Tracking Error
- Information Ratio
- Annualized Return
- CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate)
Settlement, Custody & Depositories
- Dematerialization (Demat)
- Rematerialization
- NSDL (National Securities Depository Ltd)
- CDSL (Central Depository Services Ltd)
- ISIN (International Securities Identification Number)
- Settlement Cycle (T+1, T+2)
- Delivery vs. Non-Delivery
- Pledge / Unpledge
- Beneficiary Owner (BO ID)
Brokerage, Fees & Costs
- Brokerage Commission
- Transaction Charges
- Securities Transaction Tax (STT)
- GST on Brokerage
- Stamp Duty
- Depository Charges
- Fund Management Fee (for mutual funds)
- Expense Ratio
- Entry Load / Exit Load (mutual funds)
Taxes & Regulatory
- Capital Gains (Short-term / Long-term)
- Tax on Dividends
- Indexation
- Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
- Listing Requirements
- Insider Trading
- KYC (Know Your Customer)
- FATCA / CRS (Tax Compliance)
- Regulatory Filings (RHP, DRHP)
- Takeover Code
Corporate Finance & Capital Markets
- Initial Public Offering (IPO)
- Follow-on Public Offer (FPO)
- Rights Issue
- Private Placement
- Book Building
- Lead Manager / Underwriter
- Syndicate
- Anchor Investor
- Lock-in Period
- Green Shoe Option
Behavioral & Sentiment Terms
- Bull Market
- Bear Market
- Market Sentiment
- Fear & Greed
- Panic Selling
- FOMO (Fear of Missing Out)
- Contrarian
- Herding
Order Execution & Market Microstructure
- Best Execution
- Order Matching Engine
- Liquidity Provider
- Depth of Market
- Slippage
- Price Improvement
- Algorithmic Trading
- High-Frequency Trading (HFT)
- Smart Order Routing
Corporate Governance & Disclosure
- Board of Directors
- Independent Director
- Related Party Transaction
- Auditor
- Financial Disclosure
- Quarterly Results (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4)
- Annual Report
- Corporate Governance Report
- Material Information
Miscellaneous Important Terms
- Penny Stocks
- Blue-chip
- Turnaround
- Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)
- Convertible Securities (Convertible Bond / Convertible Preference Shares)
- Promoter Holding
- Insider / Promoter Trading
- Stock Rating (Buy / Hold / Sell)
- Research Report / Analyst Coverage
- Scrip
- Candle (in candlestick charting)
- Stock Split Ratio
